Microtraumas and the African American Client – Candice Richardson Dickens

African Americans regularly receive societal messages about their lack of value, powerlessness, and inability to ensure their personal safety. Perpetuated through media stories as well as common, everyday interactions, these microtraumas cause African Americans to experience a heightened sense of cortisol arousal, a pervasive feeling of doom, and a lack of trust in relation to their environment. The result is hypervigilance and intrusive exaggerated flight, fight, and freeze responses.

1. Identify triggers and symptoms of microtrauma, as well as how it’s processed in the brain.
2. Use mindfulness, faith-based rituals, deep breathing exercises, grounding techniques, and memory-processing activities to decrease frequency of reactivity.
3. Apply mood-regulation skills, self-talk safety scripts, and sensory techniques to enhance clients’ feelings of being in control and empowered in the presence of real or perceived danger.
4. Develop behavioral choices in dealing with anxiety over past microtraumas and current situations.

Understanding Cultural Trauma

• Fight or Flight Responses
• Learned Helplessness
• Micro- vs. Macro-traumas

DSM-5 Trauma and PTSD

• Defining and Assessing Trauma
• Witnessed or Experienced Trauma

Talking about Race

• Talking to Children about Race
• Addressing Ethnic Differences Between Therapist & Client
• Empowering through Experience Validation

Techniques for Treating Physiological Responses to Trauma

• Mindfulness
• Grounding & Tapping
• Deep Breathing Techniques
• Visualizations & Hypnosis
• Reducing Shame & Increasing Self-Affirmations

Understanding Long-Term Memory

• Implicit Memory
• Explicit Memory
  • Episodic
  • Semantic

Trauma & Neuroscience

• Polyvagal Theory
• Sympathetic and Parasympathetic responses

Physiological Impact of Trauma on African Americans

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